（精选）英语近义词15篇
（精选）英语近义词15篇
在学习、工作、生活中，大家都经常接触到近义词吧，一般情况下，近义词都会是两个词中间有一个字重复。你知道经典的近义词有哪些吗？下面是小编为大家收集的英语近义词，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
英语近义词11.clothes, cloth, clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of
2. incident, accident
incident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.
3. amount, number
amount后接不可数名词， number后接可数名词 a number of students
4. family, house, home
home 家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.
5. sound, voice, noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.
6. photo, picture, drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画 Let’s go and see a good picture.
7. vocabulary, word
vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.
8. population, people
population人口，人数，people具体的人 China has a large population.
9. weather, climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.
10. road, street, path, way
road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.
11. course, subject
course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的’学科）a summer course
12. custom, habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do， habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. I’ve got the habit of drinking a lot.
13. cause, reason
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
14. exercise, exercises, practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.
15. class, lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 5
16. speech, talk, lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…
17. officer, official
officer部队的军官，official政府官员 an army officer
18. work, job
二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数 a good job
19. couple, pair
couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers
20. country, nation, state, land
country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.
21. cook, cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具 He is a good cook.
22. damage, damages
damage不可数名词, 损害，损失; damages复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages
23. police, policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house.
24. problem, question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用
25. man, a man
man人类，a man一个男人 Man will conquer nature.
26. chick, chicken
二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.
27. telegram, telegraph
当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的 a telegram, by telegraph
28. trip, journey, travel, voyage
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行 a three-day trip
29. sport, game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.
30. price, prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low.
31. a number of, the number of
a number of许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of…的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.
32. in front of, in the front of
in front of范围外的前面，in the front of范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.
33. of the day, of a day
of the day每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day暂时的，不长久的 a famous scientist of the day
34. three of us, the three of us
three of us我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us我们三个（就三个人）The three of us---Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.
35. by bus, on the bus
by bus表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus表范围 They went there by bus.
36. for a moment, for the moment
for a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment暂时，一时 Thinking for a moment, he agreed.
37. next year, the next year
next year将来时间状语，the next year过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.
38. more than a year, more than one year
more than a year一年多，more than one year超过一年（两年或三年等）
39. take advice, take the(one’s) advice
take advice征求意见，take the advice接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.
40. take air, take the air
take air传播，走漏，take the air到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.
41. in a word, in words
in a word总之，一句话， in words口头上 In a word, you are right.
42. in place of, in the place of
in place of代替，in the place of在…地方 A new building is built in the place of the old one.
43. in secret, in the secret
in secret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.
44. a girl, one girl
a girl可泛指所有女孩, one girl一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a
英语近义词2近义词---Vocal, Oral, Spoken, Colloquial
Vocal(adj.)---“发声的”。指拥有发音的能力。
Verbal(adj.)---“言辞的”。正式用语。指笔头表达。非正式英语中也表示口头表达。
Oral(adj.)---“口语的”。指口头表达和交流。
Spoken(adj.)---“口语的”。指口头表达和交流，此时与oral一词无区别，
但spoken可以构成复合形容词，表示以一种特定方式讲话。
Colloquial(adj.)---“口语的”。指普通的、非正式的通俗语言。
例:The snake is not a vocal creature.
蛇不是发声动物。
He was very vocal in his objections.
在反对时他嗓门很大。
Let’s have oral practice.
让我们作口头练习。
You had an oral examination, didn’t you?
你考了口试，是吗？
This word is used in spoken language.
这个词用于口语。
She is a soft-spoken woman.
她是一个说话柔和的女人。
This is a colloquial expression.
这是通俗用语。
He studies English colloquial style.
他研究口语体的英语。
近义词---View, Scenery, Scene, Sight
View(n.)---“景色”。普遍用语。指目中所望见的景色。
Scenery(n.)---“景色”,“外景”。指一个地方乃至一个国家的整个外景或外貌。
Scene(n.)---“景色”。可与view通用，但多包括了其中的人及其活动。
Sight(n.)---“光景”。多指人工的事物，比如大建筑史迹等有名的处所。
例:There is a fine view of the mountain from our hotel window.
从我们旅馆的窗口可以看到秀丽的山景。
It was our first view of the ocean.
这是我们第一次看见海洋。
The scenery of this country is unparalleled.
这个国家的风景无与伦比。
The train moved slowly south through flat, drab mainline scenery.
火车穿过干线两侧风景单调乏味的地区，缓缓地向南驶去。
The boats in the harbour make a beautiful scene.
港中的船只构成美丽的景色。
The scene of sunset was very beautiful.
日落的景色是非常美的。
We will go and see the sights of New York.
我们要去看看纽约的名胜。
The Imperial Palace is one of the sights of China.
故宫是中国名胜之一。
高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三
高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三
little,no,some, 等修饰。
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的`谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
用no sooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.
当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。
South of the city lies a big steel factory.
From the valley came a frightening sound.
表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
部分倒装
用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
3.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等词开头的句子。
Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!
stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,
an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;
papers 报纸, 文件 manners礼貌 drinks饮料
in a word 简言之?in other words 换句话说
have words with 与某人吵嘴
have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话
The crowd were running for their lives．
英语近义词3小学英语近义词
1、listen-hear
2、class-lesson
3、everyone-everybody
4、 glass-cup
5、large-big
6、 glad-happy
7、like-love
8、 little-small
9、start-begin
10、near-beside
11、like-want
12、for-find
13、photo-picture
14、hi-hello
15、home—house
16、 learn-study
17、beautiful-pretty
18、usually-often
19、look-see
20、bicycle-bike
21、quick-fast
22、garden-park
23、desk-table
24、speak-say-talk
25、be good at-do well in
26、rive-lake
27、 go home-come home
28、of course-sure
29、a moment ago-just now
30、a lot of-lots of-many
31、take a bus –by bus
32、be from-come from
33、take a walk-go for a walk
常见英语反义词
above 在......上 -- below 在......下
after 在......后 -- before 在......前
all 全部 -- none 全无
answer 回答 -- ask 询问
answer 答案 -- question 问题
back 后面 -- front 前面
bad 坏的 -- good 好的
best 最好的 -- worst 最坏的
better 更好的 -- worse 更坏的
black 黑的 -- white 白的
both 两者都 -- neither 两者都不
busy 忙碌的 -- free 空闲的
buy 买（入） -- sell 卖（出）
cheap 便宜的 -- expensive, dear 昂贵的
clean 干净的 -- dirty 肮脏的
clever 聪明的 -- foolish 愚蠢的
cold 寒冷的 -- hot 炎热的
come 来 -- go 去
cool 凉爽的 -- warm 温暖的
danger 危险 -- safety 安全
dark 黑暗的 -- bright, light 明亮的
day 白天 -- night 夜晚
die 死去 -- live 活着
down 向下 -- up 向上
dry 干燥的 -- wet 潮湿的
early 早的 -- late 迟的
easy 容易的 -- difficult, hard 困难的；艰巨的
empty 空的 -- full 满的
entrance 入口 -- exit 出口
fall 落下 -- rise 升起
far 远的 -- near 近的
finish 结束 -- begin, start 开始
first 最初的 -- last 最后的
foreign 外国的 -- home 本国的
forget 忘记 -- remember 记得
glad 愉快的 -- sad, sorry 悲伤的；难过的
happy 高兴的 -- unhappy, sad 难过的
hard 硬的` -- soft 软的
hate 憎恨 -- love, like 热爱；喜欢
here 在这里 -- there 在那里
high 高的 -- low 低的
ill 生病的 -- healthy, well 健康的
into 到......里面 -- out of 从......到外，在......之外
inside 在里面 -- outside 在外面
light 轻的 -- heavy 重的
lose 丢失 -- find 找到
lose 失败 -- win 胜利；赢得
miss 未抓住；未赶上 -- catch 抓住；赶上
most 最多的 -- least, fewest 最少的
move 移动 -- stop 停止
never 从不 -- ever 曾经
nothing 什么也没有 -- everything一切
now 现在 -- then 那时
old 旧的 -- new 新的
old 年老的 -- young 年轻的
pain 痛苦 -- pleasure 快乐
pass 通过；及格 -- fail 未通过；不及格
poor 贫穷的 -- rich 富裕的
pull 拉 -- push 推
rainy 下雨的 -- dry 干旱的
right 右边（的） -- left 左边（的）
right 正确的 -- wrong 错误的
safe 安全的 -- dangerous 危险的
same 相同的 -- different 不同的
short 短的 -- long 长的
short （个子）矮的 -- tall （个子）高的
sleep 睡觉 -- wake 醒来
small 小的 -- big, large, great 大的
start 出发 -- reach 到达
strong 强壮的 -- weak 虚弱的
take 拿走 -- bring 带来
take 拿取 -- give 给予
teach 教（课） -- learn 学习
thin 瘦的 -- fat 胖的
thin 薄的 -- thick 厚的
town 城镇 -- country 乡下
whole 全体；全部 -- part 部分
wide 宽的 -- narrow 窄的
with 有 -- without 没有
yes 是的 -- no 不是的
英语近义词4跋涉,旅行,探险
plod v.重步走,吃力干 | tramp v.重步走，长 景仙 | trek n.v.长 景仙 | trudge v.跋涉
ford n.浅滩，水浅可涉处v.涉水 | wade v.涉水 | excursion n.短途旅游 | jaunt v.短程旅游
safari n.狩猎旅行，长途考察 | itinerary n.行程表，旅行路线 | travelogue n.旅行见闻，游记
wanderlust n.漫游癖，旅游热 | pilgrimage n 朝圣之旅v 朝拜,朝圣 | expedition n.远征,探险
explore v.探险,探索 | exploration n.探险,研究 | spelunker n 探勘洞穴者,研究洞穴者
强壮,有力
brawny adj.(人)强壮的 | craggy adj.有峭壁的，粗壮的 | hardy adj.耐寒的、强壮的
robust adj.健壮的 | sinewy adj.多腱的，强壮有力的 | stalwart adj.健壮的，坚定的
stocky adj.矮胖的，粗壮的 | stout adj.肥胖的，强壮的 | hale adj 强壮的?
beefy adj 强壮的，结实的? | hefty adj 强壮的，笨重的? | tonicity n 强壮，强健，音调?
burly a 结实的,粗壮的,率直的 | sturdy adj.(身体)强健的，结实的’
virile adj.有男子气的，雄健的 | virility n.雄劲，丈夫气 | potent adj.强有力的
puissant adj.强有力的,强大的
英语近义词5Jump(v.)---“跳”，“跃”。普通用语。泛指从地面跳起，或从一平面跳下。
Leap(v.)---“跳起”，“跳跃”。指连跑带跳，有姿势轻快?活泼和优美之意。是书面语。
Skip(v.)---“跳”，“跃”。指轻快灵巧的跳跃，比如孩子们或小动物的欢蹦乱跳。
Spring(v.)---“跳”，“跃”。指有力和有弹性的突然跳跃。
例:They jumped for joy when they heard the news.
他们听到这消息，高兴得跳了起来。
It is dangerous to jump off a moving train.
火车在行驶时跳下来是很危险的。
They leaped lightly over the stream.
他们轻捷地跳过了小溪。
The young deer were leaping about in the meadow.
小鹿在草地上到处跳跃。
Girls like to skip rope.
女孩喜欢跳绳。
Lamps like to skip across the meadow.
小羊喜欢在草地上欢蹦乱跳。
A boy sprang from his seat.
一个男孩突然从座位上跳了起来。
He sprang out of bed when the alarm went off.
听到警铃响，他从床上跳下来。
Journey, Excursion, Expedition, Tour, Trip, Travel, Voyage
Journey(n.)---“旅行”,“旅程”。普通用语，指陆地上的远程旅行。
Excursion(n.)---“旅行”。较正式，指海上或陆地上的短期外出。
Expedition(n.)---“旅行”。指为某一特定目的而组织的艰巨而危险的远征。
Tour(n.)---“周游”。指途中在许多地方作短暂停留的观光游览。
Trip(n.)---“旅行”。指来往有定的短距离旅行,
强调在路上所花的时间和所走的路程。
Travel(n.)---“旅行”。惯用复数形式。泛指旅行各地,
表示旅行的路途远,时间长。
Voyage(n.)---“旅行”。常指距离较长的海上旅行, 也可指太空旅行。
例:At first I was afraid the long journey would be too much for her.
起初我担心她不能行这样远的路。
I wish you a good journey.
(祝你)一路平安。
The family made a weekend excursion to a camp ground.
全家周末去宿营地旅行。
The whole excursion took ten hours.
整个短途旅游花了十个小时。
My brother was once a member of the mount Everest Expedition.
我弟弟曾是珠穆朗玛峰登山队的队员。
Our country has sent several parties of people on an expedition to
Antarctic.
我国已派了几队人到南极探险。
We went on a guided tour of Italy that included stops at
Milan,Venice,Florence and Rome.
我们在导游的带领下游览了意大利, 包括米兰,威尼斯,佛罗伦萨和罗马。
They are now making a bridal tour.
他们正在新婚旅行。
I go to work by train, and the trip takes 40 minutes.
我坐火车上班, 路上花40分钟。
I can’t afford a trip to Europe.
我负担不起去欧洲旅游的费用。
This trip was cancelled because of the snowstorm.
因为暴风雪, 旅行取消了。
The travels of Marco Polo is one of the most interesting books that
I have ever read.
马可波罗的游记是我生平读过的最有意思的一本书。
Is he back from his travels yet?
他游历回来了吗?
He made a long ocean voyage to Africa.
他远航去了非洲。
We made a rough voyage from London to Australia.
我们作了一次从伦敦至澳大利亚的艰苦航行。
Jail, Prison
Jail(n.)---“监狱”。英国的拼法为goal。在英国指民事监狱,
在美国指收容犯有轻罪的人或未经判决的人的收容所?看守所等;
现在也指监狱。
Prison(n.)---“监狱”。指大型的监狱。是指监禁判刑的罪犯?等待受审的嫌疑犯?俘虏等的地方。
例:They have Birdsong in jail.
他们把伯德押在牢里。
The court committed a prisoner to jail.
该法庭将罪犯投入监狱。
The thief was sent to prison for a year.
那个小偷被判处一年监禁。
He came out of prison.
他出狱了。
Utter, Express, ronounce
Utter(v.)---“说出”。指发出任何听得见的声音。强调发出的声音具有突然性和爆发性。
Express(v.)---“说出”。指用语言表达自己的思想或感情。
Pronounce(v.)---“说出”，“发音”。可表示人的发音，或具有发音能力；在正式场合中，指宣读?宣判等。
例:She uttered a scream of terror when she saw a snake.
当她看见一条蛇时, 发出了一声害怕的尖叫。
The old man uttered a sigh in the dark room.
在漆黑的屋子里老人发出一声叹息。
It can not be expressed by words.
无法用语言来表达它(不可言传)。
Can you express yourself in English?
你能用英语表达你的意思吗?
My baby can pronounce this word without any difficulty.
我孩子读这个词没有任何困难。
I now pronounce judgement on the issue.
我现在宣布对这一问题的意见。
高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三
高中英语语法重点难点回顾之三
little,no,some, 等修饰。
I have read all the book (that) you gave me.
4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
He is the only person that I want to talk to.
5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用where。
This is the house where he lived last year.
This is the house that (which) he visited last year.
用no sooner…than和hardly…when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词had提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.
代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.
当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。
From the valley came a frightening sound.
表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
Present at the meeting were Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests.
Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.
He has been to Beijing. So have I.
Li Wei can’t answer the question. Neither can I.
部分倒装
用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons,you might have passed the examination.
3.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever.
Try as he would, he might fail again.
如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。
Child as he was, he had to make a living.
用于no sooner…than…,hardly…when和not until的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
用于never,hardly,seldom,scarcely, barely, little,often,at no time,not only,not once等词开头的句子。
Never shall I do this again.
Little did he know who the woman was.
6.用于以only开头的句子(only修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.
Only in this way can you master English.
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.
如果only后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。
Only Wang Ling knows this.
用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed!祝你成功!
stomach－stomachs，a German－three Germans,
an American－two Americans，man cook - men cooks;
papers 报纸, 文件 manners礼貌 drinks饮料
in a word 简言之?in other words 换句话说
have words with 与某人吵嘴
have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话
The crowd were running for their lives．
某些集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for him.
高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之二
高中英语语法重点难点回顾之二
d that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
作advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)＋动词原形”。例如：We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.
在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如：I often hear him sing the song.
He is often heard to sing the song.
注意：不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.如：
She could do nothing but cry.
What do you like to do besides swim?
I have no choice but to go.
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
Please give me a knife to cut with.
There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.
动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:
admit,appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention,mind,miss,practise, put off, resist, risk, suggest, can’t help, can’t stand(无法忍受)等。
I tried not to go there.(我设法不去那里。)
I tried doing it again.(我试着又干了一次。)]
mean to do 有意... mean doing意味着...
I mean to come early today.(我打算今天早些来。)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)
allow, advise, forbid, permit
We don’t allow smoking here. We don’t allow students to smoke.
动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如：
The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).
在短语devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to,thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.
Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk.(原因)
Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.
(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)
Having been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)
Asked to stay, I couldn’t very well refuse.
这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着when/since I was asked, 但用了 having been asked 就不会有歧义。
下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：
Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。
He used to live in London, use(d)n’t he /didn’t he?
There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)n’t there /didn’t there?
Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?
He ought to be punished, oughtn’t he?
但在正式文体中,用ought we not形式。例如:
We ought to go, ought we not?或We ought to go ,should we not?
含有情态动词must的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用mustn’t。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用aren’t(isn’t)十主语,例如：You must be tired,aren’t you?若陈述部分的must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分则用needn’t。例如：You must go home right now, needn’t you?
当mustn’t 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如：
You mustn’t walk on grass, must you?
前句谓语动词是must have＋过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用didn’t＋主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用haven’t(hasn’t)＋主语, 例如：
He must have met her yesterday, didn’t he?
You must have seen the film, haven’t you?
陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office, isn’t he?
如果陈述部分包含有no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old,is he?
如果陈述部分的主语为everyone,someone,no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用he,也可用they。
Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?
Everyone knows their job,don’t they?
No one was hurt,were they?
I’m late, aren’t I?
One can’t be too careful,can one(you)?
Have a cup of tea, will you?
Let’s go there,shall we? Let us go there,will you?
同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth等。连接词用that (不用which)及连接副词how, when, where, why等。例如：
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
She asked the reason why there was a delay.
关联词只能用whether不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:
A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.
B)在主语从句中,只有用it作形式主语时,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用whether。例如：
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.
C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E)后面紧接or not 时。
We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.
F)引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。
Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
G)用if会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.
该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。
或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了whether就可以避免。
在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句：
1)先行词是不定代词：all,few,little, much,something,nothing,anything等。All that we have to do is to practise every day.
2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。
The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.
3)先行词被all,any,every, each, few,
高中英语语法-高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一
高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一
主谓一致常考难题：
Five minutes is enough to do this exercise．
Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future．
More than one student has seen the film.
Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.
More members than one are against your plan.
一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。
但如果主语用a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk．
并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式, 这时and后面的名词没有冠词。例如:
Truth and honesty is the best policy．
The girl’s teacher and friend is a young doctor．
To love and to be loved is the great happiness.
Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.
A knife and fork is on the table.
当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:
The teacher as well as the students was excited．
The room with its furniture was rented．
A (great) number of修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of,a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:
Those who want to go please sign your names here．
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun．
季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。
1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter
形容词的.顺序：
系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料
Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table
某些以a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。
某些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。
1)close接近地 closely仔细地，密切地
2)free 免费地 freely自由地,无拘束地
3)hard努力地 hardly几乎不
4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来
5)most 极,非常 mostly主要地
6)wide广阔地，充分地 widely广泛地
7)high高 highly高度地，非常地
8)deep深，迟 deeply抽象意义的“深”
9)loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思)
10)near邻近 nearly几乎
bad/ill,badly worse worst little less least
表示一方不及另一方时，用“less＋原级＋than”的结构表示：This room is less beautiful than that one．
表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far等修饰：He works even harder than before．
注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
某些以-or结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。superior，junior，senior等。
He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics．
在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词。例如：
The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk．
A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood．
表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:
A is three (four,etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。［高三倍］
A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
A is three (four,etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.
例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.
你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。
表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。
表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。
如果复数名词前有many、few，不可数名词前有much、little等表示量的形容词时，该用so而不用such。如：
I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.
Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.
但little不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:
They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.
6)almost与nearly
在very, pretty, not后用nearly, 不用almost。例如：
I’m not nearly ready.
在any, no, none, never前用almost, 不用nearly。例如：
I almost never see her.
need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如：
You needn’t come so early.
Need I finish the work today? －－Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：You needn’t have waited for me.
“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。
You should have started earlier.
“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。
You ought to have helped him (but you didn’t)
书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。
有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook等。例如：
The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。
The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。
The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。
在动词 arrange,command, demand, desire,insist, order,propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)＋ 动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
We insisted that they (should) go with us.
The doctor ordere
高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义5
高中英语语法讲义5
高考高频难词
1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更
2.burst vi.n. 突然发生,爆裂
3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)
4.blast n. 爆炸;气流 vi. 炸,炸掉
5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽
6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开的
7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃
8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出
9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略
10.slide v. 滑动,滑落 n. 滑动;幻灯片
11.bacteria n. 细菌
12.breed n. 种,品种 v. 繁殖,产仔
13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算,作安排
14.candidate n. 候选人
15.campus n. 校园
16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的
17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换
18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递
19.transplant v. 移植
20.transport vt. 运输 n. 运输,运输工具
21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变
22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化
23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见
24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下 n. 燕子
25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心
26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的
27.mild a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的
28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的
29.nuisance n. 妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)
30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的
31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进
32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的
33.boundary n. 分界线,边界
34.brake n. 刹车,制动器 v. 刹住(车)
35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目
36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的
37.vain n. 徒劳,白费
38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的
39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,
40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的 n. 极端,过分
41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因
42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精
43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求
44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏
45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准
46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励
47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到
48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行
49.network n. 网状物;电视网;网络
50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流
51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的
52.trace vt. 追踪,找到 n. 痕迹,踪迹
53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨
54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛
55.wax n. 蜡
56.weave v. 织,编
57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持
61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂
62. academic a. 学术的;;研究院的
63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会
64. battery n. 电池(组)
65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏
66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物
67. career n. 生涯,职业
68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管
69. vertical a. 垂直的
70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激
71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊
72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度
73. exterior n. 外部,外表 a. 外部的,外表的
74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的
75. petrol n. 汽油
76. petroleum n. 石油
77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁
78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽
79. decent a. 像样的,体面的
80. route n. 路;路线;航线
81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏 n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟
82. sake n. 缘故,理由
83. satellite n. 卫星
84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度
85. temple n. 庙宇
86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,
87. tend vi.易于,趋向
88. tendency n.趋向,趋势
89. ultimate a. 最大的,最终的 n. 极端
90. undergo v. 经历,遭受
91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的
92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳
93. adapt vi. 适应,改编,改写 vt. 使适应
94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉
95. casual a. 偶然的,;临时的;非正式的
96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉
97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的
98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器
99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的
100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学
高中英语语法-高中英语语法讲义6
高中英语语法讲义6
101. organ n. 器官,风琴
102. excess n. 过分,过量,过剩
103. expel v. 驱逐,开除,赶出
104. expend v. 消费
105. expenditure n. 支出,消费;经费
106. expense n. 开销,费用
107. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的
108. expand v. 扩大,扩张;展开,膨胀
109. expansion n. 扩大,扩充;发展,膨胀
110. private a. 私人的,个人的
111. individual a. 个别的,单独的 n. 个人,个体
112. personal a. 个人的,私人的;亲自的
114. personnel [总称]人员员工人事部门
115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋
117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋
118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋
119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予
119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的
120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭
121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的
122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢
123. balcony n. 阳台
124. calculate vt. 计算,核算
125. calendar n. 日历,月历
126. optimistic a. 乐观
127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的
128. outstanding a. 杰出的,突出的,显着的
129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口,输出
130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口,输入
131. impose vt. 把...加强(on);采用,利用
132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰
133. religious a. 宗教的
134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者
135. video n. 电视,视频 a. 电视的,录像的
136. videotape n. 录像磁带
v. 把...录在录像带上
137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯
138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦
139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍
140. internal a. 内部的,国内的
141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先
142. racial a. 人种的种族的
143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射
144. radical a.根本的;激进的
145. range n. 幅度,范围
v. (在某范围内)变动
146. wonder n. 惊奇,奇迹
v. 想知道,对...感到疑惑
147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立
148. issue n. 问题,争论点;
发行,(报刊)一期
149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道
150. hook n. 钩 vt. 钩住
151. adequate a. 适当地;足够
152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持
153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止
154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获
155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的
156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷
157. consistent a. 坚固定 一致的
158. continuous a. 继续的,连续(不断)
159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的
160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增
161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采
162. explore v. 勘探
163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增
164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的
165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的
166. removal n. 除去,消除
167. render vt. 使得,致使
167. render vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施vi.给予补偿n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底
168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕
169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的
170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定
171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性
172. poverty n. 贫穷
173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的,
抗...的,耐...的
174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意
175. barrel n. 桶
176. bargain n. 便宜货 vi. 讨价还价
177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的
178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车
179. code n. 准则,法规,密码
180. coil n. 线圈 v. 卷,盘绕
181. adult n. 成年人
182. advertise v. 为...做广告
183. advertisement n. 广告
184. agency n. 代理商,经销商
185. focus v. (使)聚集
n. 焦点,中心,聚焦
186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止
187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论
188. debt n. 欠债
189. decade n. 十年
190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封
191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到
192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪
193. global a. 全球的;总的
194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览
195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻
196. significance n. 意义;重要性
197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的
198. virtue n. 美德,优点
199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的
200. orient vt. 使适应
(to,toward)使朝向 n. 东方
英语近义词6刮,擦
abrade v.磨损，擦伤 | abrasion n.表面磨损 | abrasive n 研磨剂a 研磨的 | attrition n.消磨,磨损
burnish v.擦亮，磨光 | efface v.擦掉，抹去 | erase v.擦掉,抹去 | erasure n.擦掉,擦痕
obliterate v.涂掉，擦掉 | polish v.把…擦光亮n.上光剂,(态度等)优雅 | refurbish v.刷新，擦亮
scour v.擦洗，擦亮 | scrape v.刮擦、擦掉 | scrub v.用力擦洗
chafe n 擦伤,气恼v 摩擦,擦痛,激怒 | finishing n 抛(磨)光 | raze v 毁灭,刮去,把夷为平地
根除,消灭
eradicate v.根除，扑灭 | extirpate 消灭,根除 | deracinate vt 根除,灭绝,使孤立 | annihilate v.消灭
destruction n.毁坏，毁灭(的原因) | exterminate v.消灭,灭绝 | extinction n.熄灭,消灭
quench v.熄灭(火)，抑制(欲望) | extinguish vt 熄灭,消灭,偿清
raze v 毁灭,刮去,把夷为平地 | eliminate v.除去,淘汰
英语近义词7quit – give up – abandon放弃
subject – topic 话题
remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual显著的
polite – respectful 有礼貌的
politeness – good manners 礼貌
crazy – mad 疯狂的
sensible –wise 明智的
clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聪明的
(be) exhausted – (be) tired – (be) worn out 疲惫
believable – convincing -- credible 可信的.
original – initial 最初的
original – creative 创造性的
competent – capable – able 有能力的
英语近义词8 1.自行车bike---bicycle
2.上above ---on
3.父亲father---dad
4.下under---below
5.晚上evening ---night
6.孩子kid --- child
7.说speak--- talk/say
8.快乐glad --- happy
9.快fast --- quick
10.妈妈mother ---- mum
11.听hear --- listen
12.后面below --- under
13.看see--- watch/look
14.快faster--- quick
15.你好hello--- hi
16.电影movie --- film
17.礼物gift--- present
18.飞机plane--- airplane
19.笑laugh--- smile
20.多much--- many
21.商店Shop--- store
22.小few---little/small
23.讨厌hate---dislike
24.开始begin---start
25.学习learn--- study
26.大big--- large
27.照片picture ---photo
28.厕所toilet—WC
29.课程class —lesson
30.每个人everyone—everybody
31.每个人glass —cup
32.钱包purse— wallet
33.家home—house
34.美丽beautiful—pretty
35.通常usually—often
36.旁边near —beside
37.花园garden —park
38.桌子desk —table
39.湖泊river —lake
40.回家go home —come home
41.刚才amoment ago—just now
42.大量的a lot of —lots of — many
43.擅长be good at—do well in
44.当然of course —sure
45.来自befrom—come from
46.散步take a walk —go for a walk
47.坐公交take a bus—by bus
48.想要would like —want
49.寻找look for— find
50.会meeting---party
英语近义词9make up one’s mind ? decide ? be determined 决心 (to do …)
agree ? consent(b 级) 同意 (to do…)
try ? attempt 试图
短语give up出现频率也较高，职称英语词汇选项练习部分出现了关于“give up”的练习题：
5. they have given up the hope(希望) to save(救，节约) their friends(朋友) from drowning(淹死).
a) ended(结束) b) abandoned(放弃)
c) built(建筑;建造) d) strengthened(加强， 巩固)
5. b. give up是“放弃”， 因此b(放弃)是答案。
save ...from...拯救...使免予遭受到...
类似结构：
prevent ...from...防止... 使免予遭受到...
protect...from...保护...使免予遭受到...
英语近义词10encourage – inspire – push 鼓励， 激励
no longer – no more 不再
admit – acknowledge 承认
allow – permit 允许
state – declare – announce 宣布，声明
regret – sorry 遗憾的
remove – get off 脱下
start – begin 开始
observe -- stick to 遵守
previous – former 以前的
maintain – hold – think 认为
cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致
error – mistake 错误
component – ingredient – element 成分
solve – settle 解决(问题)
英语近义词11delay – put off – postpone 推迟， 使延期
quick – fast – rapid – prompt 快的，迅速的
positive – sure – certain 肯定的， 确定的
favorable – profitable (b级) – beneficial 有利的
reaction – response 反应
surprise – shock – amaze – astonish 使惊讶
6. (a级难度) he impressed all his colleagues(同事) as(给...留下...(印象)) a vigorous man in the prime of (处于...的最佳时期) his career(事业，职业).
a)hot-tempered(性子急得，暴躁的) b) healthy(健康的，有益于健康的)
c) friendly (友好的) d) patient(病人， 忍耐的，耐心的)
6. b. vigorous的基本词义为“精力旺盛的，健壮的”， 因此b的`词义与之最接近。
career – profession – occupation 职业
strike – impress 留下印象
7. (b级难度)data(数据) from voyager(航海者) ii have presented(给...提出) astronomers(天文学家) with a puzzle about why our outermost(最外面的， 最远的) planet(行星) exists(存在).
a) problem(问题) b) mystery(迷， 神秘的事物)
c) question (问题) d) point(点，分数， 瞄准， 指出)
7.b. puzzle 在句子中的词性为名词， 其作为名词的基本词义为“迷”，因此b是答案。
present – gift 礼物
present – introduce 介绍
problem – question – issue 问题
8. (b 级难度) he rolled up (卷起)his trouser leg(裤腿) to exhibit his wounded(受伤的) knee(膝盖).
a) spread(伸展，传播，蔓延) b) open(开着的， 敞开的， 营业着的， 打开， 公开)
c) show(表示， 展示，引导， 出示) d) examine(检查，考试)
8.c. exhibit 在句子中用作动词， 其作为动词的基本词义为“展出， 陈列”，因此c是答案。
英语近义词12encourage ? urge ? inspire ? spur 激励
(b级难度)7. some of the stories(故事) were mildly amusing(有趣的).
a) slightly(稍微) b) hardly(几乎不)
c) faintly(模糊地，暗淡地) d) sufficiently(充分地)
7.a.mildly的基本词义为“温和地， 稍微”，mildly在句中修饰amusing(有趣的)
因此mildly在句中的词义为“稍微”， 因此a是答案。
mildly ? gently 温和地
mildly ? slightly ? a little - somewhat稍微地
hardly ? rarely ? scarcely - seldom 几乎不
faintly ? dimly 微弱地
amusing ? funny ? interesting 有趣的
sufficiently ? adequately - enough 充分地
precise ? accurate ? exact 精确的
polish ? shine 擦亮
elementary ? primary 初步的，初级的
change ? alter ? modify ? adapt - adjust 改变
be adapted to ? be accustomed ? be used to适应了…, 习惯了…
5. (a 级难度) the advertising(广告的， 广告) company(公司) was surprised(感到惊讶的) by the adverse public(公众的) reaction to (对...的反映)the poster(海报).
a)delayed(延迟的) b) quick(快的.， 敏捷的， 活泼的)
c) positive (肯定的，积极的， 绝对的) d) unfavorable(不顺利的， 相反的，令人不愉快的)
5.d. adverse的词义较单一， 其基本词义为“敌对的， 相反的”， 因此d是答案。
英语近义词13凝结,聚集
agglomerate v.凝聚，结块 | clot n.凝块，v.使凝成块 | coagulate v.凝结，使凝结
coagulant n.凝结剂 | cohesive adj.凝聚的，凝结的 | congeal v.凝结，凝固 | curd n.凝乳
curdle v.使凝结，变稠 | gore n.凝血，血块 | coacervate v 凝聚?
concretion n 凝结(物)，结石，具体 | accumulate v.积聚，积累 | aggregation n.聚集，总合
amass v.积聚 | conglomerate v.集聚，集团 | congregate v.聚集，集合
converge v.会聚，集中于一点 | herd n.兽群。v.聚集，放牧 | muster v.召集，聚集
group v 聚合,成群
契约,合同,协议
contract n.契约，合同 | covenant n.契约，v.立书保证
deed n.行为，(土地或建筑物的)契约、证书 | indenture n.契约，合同
muniments n.契据，房契 | bond n 结合,债券,契约v 结合 | concord n.和睦，公约
pact n.协定，条约 | treaty n 条约,谈判 | compact n.合同，协议 | agreement n.一致，协议
protocol n.外交礼节,协议
松软,柔软
flabby adj.(肌肉)松软的，意志薄弱的 | flaccid adj.松驰的，软弱的
flaggy adj.枯萎的.，松软无力的 | floppy adj.松软的，衰弱的
limber adj.(肌肉)松软的，柔软的 | limp v.跛行 adj.无力的，松软的
lissom adj.姿态优雅的，柔软的 | lithe adj.柔软的，易弯曲的 | pliable adj.易弯的,柔软的
velvety adj 柔软光滑的，爽口的? | suppleness n 易弯曲,柔软,顺从 | ductility n延展性,柔软性,韧性
英语近义词14做作,不自然,人造的
